网络社会排斥对抑郁的影响：一个有调节的中介效应模型

为探讨网络社会排斥对抑郁的影响以及自尊和正念在二者关系中的作用机制，采用网络社会排斥问卷、自尊量表、正念注意觉知量表和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对644名大学生进行调查，结果发现：（1）网络社会排斥不仅能直接影响抑郁，还能通过自尊的中介作用对抑郁产生影响。（2）正念能够调节网络社会排斥对抑郁的直接效应及自尊的中介效应的前半路径。具体而言，网络社会排斥对抑郁的预测作用以及自尊的中介作用在低正念个体中更加显著。研究结果表明，作为一种消极的人际关系体验，网络社会排斥会增加个体抑郁的风险，而正念能够弱化网络社会排斥的消极影响。

The Association between Cyber-ostracism and Depression: The Mediation Effect of self-esteem and the Moderating Effect of Mindfulness

Internet has become a popular medium and means to interconnect with others, especially among undergraduate students. Internet has brought great convenience to interpersonal interaction, but it also brought us problems such as with increased opportunities for inclusion, being ignored and excluded by others, a phenomenon referred to as cyber-ostracism. Studies have revealed that cyber-ostracism was an important risk factor for symptoms of depression, however, less is known about the underlying processes that may mediate or moderate this relationship. In addition, according to the Needs-threat Model of ostracism, cyber-ostracism is also distressing because it affects individuals four fundamental needs: belonging, self-esteem, control and meaningful existence. And sociometer theory also claims that poor interpersonal relationship such as perceived exclusion has negative effect on self-esteem and low self-esteem may cause the onset and maintenance of depression. Furthermore, the organism-environment interaction model and the diathesis-stress model of depression also propose that not all individuals are equally influenced by the same environment, and it is the dynamics of individual and context interactions that contribute to individuals' psychological and social adaptation. Therefore, it is important to explore the personality traits which can weaken the negative effect of cyber-ostracism.So, the present study aimed to investigate the association between cyber-ostracism and depression, as well as the mediating effect of self-esteem and moderating effect of mindfulness between them. A survey research method was conducted in which the Inventory of Cyber-ostracism Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale as well as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were administered to 644 undergraduates (mean age = 20.08 years, SD = 1.37). Data was collected and analyzed with SPSS 20.0, and the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating effect of self-esteem and the moderating effect of mindfulness. The results indicated that: (1) After controlling for gender and age, cyber-ostracism was positively correlated with depression, while negatively correlated with self-esteem and mindfulness; mindfulness was positively correlated with self-esteem, while both mindfulness and self-esteem were negatively correlated with depression. Cyber-ostracism not only had direct positive effect on depression, but also could significantly negatively predict self-esteem; and self-esteem could significantly negatively predict depression. Self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between cyber-ostracism and depression. (2) Besides, both the direct effect of cyber-ostracism on depression and the mediating effect of self-esteem were moderated by mindfulness, and both of the two effects were stronger for the group with lower level of mindfulness. Cyber-ostracism was a negative interpersonal experience in real life, while mindfulness could alleviate it’s detrimental effect. In summary, the present study constructed a moderated mediation model of self-esteem and mindfulness to reveal the mechanism underlying the relationship between cyber-ostracism and depression, which can contribute to a better understanding of how and when Cyber-ostracism increases the risk of depression. Furthermore, it suggests that early intervention concerning diminishing negative effects of cyber-ostracism may start with increasing individual self-esteem and mindfulness.