躯体表情与面部表情加工进程比较

躯体和面孔是个体情绪识别的敏感线索。与面部表情的早期视觉加工相似, P1成分对恐惧、愤怒等负性躯体表情更加敏感, 反映了对躯体威胁信息快速且无意识的加工。情绪躯体和面孔还有着类似的构型加工, 表现为二者都能诱发颞枕区视觉皮层相似的N170成分, 但涉及的神经基础并不完全相同。在构型编码加工中, 面部表情的N170与顶中正成分(Vertex Positive Potential, VPP)较躯体表情的N170、VPP更加明显。在面部表情和躯体表情的后期加工阶段, 早期后部负波(Early Posterior Negativity, EPN)反映了面孔和躯体视觉编码的注意指向加工, 随后出现的P3与晚期正成分(Late Positive Component, LPC)代表了顶额皮层对复杂情绪信息的高级认知加工。躯体表情还存在与外纹状皮层躯体区相关的N190成分, 其对躯体的情绪和动作信息敏感。今后的研究应进一步探讨动作对情绪知觉的影响、动态面孔−躯体情绪的加工机制等。

A comparison for machine processing of emotional body language and facial expression

Both body language and facial expression recognition provide sensitive clues about individual emotion recognition. Facial expression and bodily expression can be detected to a similar extent in the early stages of visual processing, where reflects the subcortical processing pathway and the dorsal route structures associated with unconscious threat information cues for automated processing. Both body language and facial expression recognition have similar N170 component, which reflect early visual coding in the temporal occipital visual cortex. Nonetheless, the N170 component of body language and facial expression involve different neural processes. Moreover, the N170 component and vertex positive potential (VPP) of facial expression processing are superior to the responses to body language processing. The early posterior negativity (EPN) component reflects visual coding in late attentional processing. The P3 and the late positive component (LPC) represent higher cognitive processing in the fronto-parietal cortices, and facial expression require more cognitive resources than physical actions. Furthermore, there is a special N190 response to body language based in the extrastriate body area (EBA). It is sensitive to emotions expressed by body language and information from physical actions. This special visual coding may represent a social adaptation mechanism effectively for the perception of the emotions and intentions of others. Future research should focus on the influence of emotional body language on the processing of facial expressions, the integration of facial and bodily cues during emotional change perception and others.