基于语料库统计的“音-形”激活概率及加工机制

为了了解心理词典中语音与汉字的联结情况以及从音到形的加工机制,研究首先计算出了基于语料库统计的“音-形”激活概率(某个音节激活其对应汉字的概率),并通过一个听写实验来验证这种激活概率是否反映实际加工中的激活情况。结果证明基于语料统计得到的“音-形”激活概率基本可以预测实际的“音-形”激活情况,表现为:“音-形”激活概率越高的汉字被激活的概率和强度越高,并且有明显的优势字效应; 该统计概率具有可独立于其他影响因素的预测功能。

Orthographic Activation Mechanisms of Spoken Words in the Mental Lexicon of Native Chinese Speakers

Abstract:The relationship between phonology and orthography in Chinese is very complex as a relatively restricted set of legal syllables is written with a vast number of syllabic characters.Therefore,the phonological and orthographic stores in Chinese mental lexicon and their interconnections should reflect this complexity and the mechanisms of spread activation stand to be quite different from languages with both fewer homophones and alphabetic writing systems.The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the statistical relationships present in corpus analysis is reflected in empirical decision making.In order to find out the specific activation mechanism in P-O mapping(the processing from phonology to orthography),an independent syllable dictation experiment was conducted to measure the activation of character forms when presented with an auditory stimulus.Undergraduate Chinese students(n=61)at a university in Beijing participated in the group experiment.Participants were instructed to write the first character that came to mind upon hearing the spoken word.100 stimuli were selected for a two-factor experiment involving homophone density(high,low)and presence of a dominant high-frequency character in the homophone family,while controlling for phonological neighborhood density and syllable frequency.The study found that:P-O activation probability derived from corpus statistics is mirrored in the activation mechanism of the mental lexicon,i.e.,the characters with higher P-O activation probability were more readily activated; and the activation mechanism can be predicted by this statistic-based activation probability independent of other related factors.