助人情境中幼儿知恩图报意识的发展

研究选取北京市某幼儿园3~6岁幼儿共118名作为研究对象。以助人任务为实验情境，设置了慷慨施恩者VS吝啬者（情境一）、施恩者VS好人（情境二）和传承知恩图报意识（情境三）三种情境，研究幼儿在三种不同助人情境下知恩图报意识的发展关键年龄及发展趋势。结果表明，在情境一和情境二中的知恩图报意识的发展关键年龄为5岁；情境三中幼儿知恩图报意识的发展关键年龄推测为6岁以后。各情境下知恩图报意识随年龄增长而提升。

The Occurrence and Development of Children's Gratitude Awareness in Helping Situations

To examine the critical age and developmental trend of children's gratitude awareness, a total of 118 children aged 3 to 6 were selected as subjects in this study. Three experimental tasks in various helping situations were designed to explore the different stages that children acquire the gratitude awareness. The three helping situations were:a generous benefactor vs. a stingy person (situation 1), a giver vs. a good person (situation 2) and a situation of expanding the gratitude virtue to others (situation 3). The results show that the critical age of the gratitude awareness in situation 1 and situation 2 is 5 years old, and it is speculated that the critical age of the awareness of gratitude expanding in situation 3 is after age 6. The awareness of gratitude in each situation increases with ages.