智力和人格内隐观对大学生应对方式和抑郁的影响——变量中心和个体中心分析

为考察智力和人格内隐观对大学生应对方式和抑郁的影响，采用智力和人格内隐观问卷、简易应对方式问卷和抑郁量表对624名大学生进行测查。结果如下：（1）变量中心的分析结果表明，整体上大学生智力和人格内隐观仅对积极应对的预测作用显著。（2）为考察智力和人格内隐观在大学生群体中的组合类型，采用个体中心的分析思路对智力和人格内隐观得分进行潜在剖面分析，可将大学生的内隐观划分为四种类型：智力/人格固存观型、智力/人格内隐观适中型、智力增长观/人格可塑观型、智力固存观/人格可塑观型。四类大学生在智力内隐观上的得分两两差异显著；除智力增长观/人格可塑观型与智力固存观/人格可塑观型外，四类大学生在人格内隐观上的得分也两两差异显著。（3）智力增长观/人格可塑观型大学生的积极应对得分显著高于其他三类大学生，而消极应对和抑郁显著低于其他三类大学生；智力固存观/人格可塑观型大学生的消极应对和抑郁显著高于其他三类大学生。

The Influence of Intelligence and Personality Implicit Theories on College Students' Coping Styles and Depression: Variable-oriented and Person-oriented Analyses

The present study aimed at exploring the influence of college students' intelligence and personality implicit theories on coping style and depression. 624 college students completed Theories of Intelligence and Personality Questionnaire, Coping Style Questionnaire and CES-D Scale. The results were as follows:(1) Variable-oriented analyses revealed that college students' implicit theories of intelligence and personality predicted positive coping style significantly. (2) Person-oriented analyses revealed that college students could be divided into four types according to implicit theories by Latent Profile Analysis. The four types were named as entity intelligence and personality theory type, moderate intelligence and personality theory type, incremental intelligence/malleable personality theory type, and entity intelligence/malleable personality theory type separately. The four groups exhibited significant difference on scores of intelligence implicit theories. The four groups also exhibited significant difference on scores of personality implicit theories, except the difference between incremental intelligence/malleable personality theory type and entity intelligence/malleable personality theory type. (3) College students with incremental intelligence/malleable personality theory type exhibited significantly higher positive coping style and significantly lower negative coping style and depression than the other three types. Students with entity intelligence/malleable personality theory type exhibited significantly higher negative coping style and depression than the other three types.