积极情绪反馈对注意捕获影响的实验研究

目的：研究采用“学习-测试”范式,通过3个实验探讨积极社会情绪反馈对注意捕获的影响。方法：实验1,在学习阶段做出反应后,分别给予积极情绪和中性情绪反馈,探讨积极情绪和中性情绪捕获注意的情况;实验2,学习阶段做出反应后,没有任何情绪反馈;实验3,改变学习阶段积极情绪和中性情绪反馈图片出现的频率,探讨图片出现频率对注意捕获的影响。结果：（1）与中性情绪相比,积极情绪捕获了较多注意（实验1）;（2）无情绪反馈时,经过多次练习的刺激作为干扰刺激也捕获到了注意（实验2）;（3）积极情绪影响刺激注意优先性的过程还受到积极情绪图片出现频率的影响（实验3）。结论：积极情绪捕获注意的机制中,也有自上而下目标驱动的机制在起作用;情绪图片出现的频率也会影响社社会情绪对注意的捕获。

The Effect of Positive Emotional Feedback on Attentional Capture

Attention, as an internal psychological state, is an important psychological condition for people to acquire knowledge, acquire skills, complete various intellectual tasks and perform practical tasks. In the external environment, a large amount of information is processed by individuals every day, but the ability of the brain to process information is limited. Which objects are preferentially processed need a selection process.Attention selects stimuli for cognitive processing, and the mechanisms that underlie the process of attentional selection have been a major topic of psychological research for over 30 years. It has been well documented that attentional selection can proceed both voluntarily, driven by visual search goals, and involuntarily, driven by the physical salience of stimuli.In 2013, Anderson provide a conceptual framework for attentional control that emphasizes the need for stimulus selection to promote the survival and wellbeing of an organism. Anderson argued that although goal-driven and salience-driven mechanisms of attentional selection fit within this framework, a central component that is missing is a mechanism of attentional selection that is uniquely driven by learned associations between stimuli and rewards. He described what value-driven mechanism of attentional selection was , and describe how this mechanism functions independently of the well-documented salience-driven and goal-driven mechanisms. He think by arguing that reward learning modifies the attentional priority of stimuli, allowing them to compete more effectively for selection even when non-salient and task-irrelevant.Anderson (2011), Liu Li (2016) used the learning-test paradigm to prove the role of money reward in capturing attention. The study shows that reward learning is flexible, not only the money reward can predict the value of priority, social emotional also show a high priority attention.Based on literature, we found that: (1) In research on value-driven attention capture, money reward was the same as social mood that can capture attention at home and abroad ; (2) Rewards play an important role in shaping behavior. Reward frequency plays an important role in shaping behavior or capturing attention. In Anderson's emotional feedback experiment, the positive emotions and the neutral emotions are the same frequency . (3) If there is no emotional feedback, whether multiple exercises in the learning stage as a strong interference stimulus can capture the attention in the test phase.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of positive emotion on attention capture by three experiments in the "learning-test" paradigm. Methods: Experiment 1, the learning stage of the subjects to red or green small circle in the direction of the line to respond, to give positive emotions or neutral emotional feedback, the establishment of green or red and positive emotions or neutral emotions between the link, the test phase Green or red round as a disturbance to stimulate the positive emotions and neutral emotions to capture the attention of the situation. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 are the same as Experiment 1, and the difference is in the emotional feedback of the learning stage: Experiment 2, the learning stage of the subjects after the reaction, no emotional feedback; Experiment 3, change the learning stage positive emotions and neutral emotional feedback picture The frequency of occurrence, to explore the impact of the frequency of attention on the capture of the impact. Results: (1) Compared with neutral mood, positive emotions capture more attention (Experiment 1); (2) In the absence of emotional feedback, the stimulation of multiple exercises as a disturbance stimulus also captures the attention (Experiment 2); (3) Positive emotions affect the priority of attention while being affected by the frequency of emotional images (Experiment 3). Conclusion: Positive social mood capture attention, both in line with value-driven attention to the capture mechanism, but also from top to bottom target-driven mechanism at work; emotional picture frequency will also affect the emotional feedback on the attention of the capture.