运气特质:将机遇转化为一种可利用的力量

运气在各种文化中都非常普遍,但在心理学界对运气的定义一直存在争议。本文在分析以往三种主要的运气观后,基于中国传统文化的视角将运气定义为“个体在一定时间或期限内由定数和变数组合而成的发展轨迹或发展趋势,其中变数主要是指机遇,定数主要是指运气特质”。运气特质能决定个体幸运与否,并通过产生控制幻觉或者改变个体的自我概念将运气转化为个体可利用的内部力量。未来研究可进一步探讨运气特质的结构及其与幸运感、感恩、幸福感、亲社会行为、赌博行为、腐败行为等变量的关系。

Luck Traits:Turn Chance into One of Available Strength

Luck is common in all cultures,but the definition of luck in psychology has always been controversial.In the current literature,there are three main viewpoints about what is luck on earth.In the context of attribution theory,luck is just a external and uncontrollable factor.While Darke and Freedman(1997)regarded luck as a internal and stable personal attribute,which can become the resource of optimism.The third standpoint of luck tried to take both the uncontrollability and stability of luck into consideration.Unfortunately,all of these opinions on the concept of luck didn't completely and correctly give an explanation for luck phenomenons.In this paper,we give a definition of luck from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture that luck is the development track or development tendency which consist mainly of variate and destiny,and the variate is mainly chance while the destiny means the luck traits.The luck traits can determine whether someone is lucky or not,which can turn the chance into available internal power(eg.hope,optimism,self-confidence)via generating illusion of control or altering one's self-concept.There are many promising research directions in this area,such as to explore the precise construction of luck traits,and the relationships among the feeling of luck,gratitude,happiness,prosocial behavior,gambling behavior and corruption behavior,and so on.