《周易》对探索潜意识启示

隐喻是一种语言现象,也是一种认知方式。《周易》是一套复杂的隐喻认知系统,“象”与“理”都是认识事物的思维方式。潜意识通过心理表征以隐喻的方式呈现,精神分析师借助隐喻方法来分析潜意识。将潜意识的呈现形式(如梦、口误等)理解为某种“象”,把“象”作为表征潜意识的符号与工具,通过“观象、取象、辨象、立象、尽意”这个认知过程,实现对“理”(潜意识)的理解。通过“象思维”来探索潜意识对中国人来说具有文化上亲和性,克服精神分析中的“无结构性”与“语言的限制”。

What the Book of Changes Can Contribute to Psychoanalysis

The metaphor is not only a matter of language but also a thought.The “Book of changes” is a complex metaphorical cognitive system,both “Xiang” and “Principle” are the thinking modes of Zhouyi.The unconscious is manifested through metaphors; Psychoanalysts can use metaphors as effective tools to help patients analyze the unconscious.The representative forms of unconscious(such as dream,slip)are taken as “Xiang”,the “Xiang” is refer to as symbol which represent the content of unconscious,then through five cognitive process:observing,absorbing,analyzing,integrating and expressing,both therapist and patient can understand what the “Xiang” symbolize and the content of unconscious.From the perspective of “Xiang thinking” in the “Book of changes”,Chinese people have the advantage of cultural affinity when they explore the unconscious content; to some extent,“Xiang thinking” can make up for some shortcomings such as lacking of structure,language restrictionsdurning the psychoanalytic process.