儿童情绪理解发展的研究述评

近20年来，情绪理解越来越成为大家关注一个的研究领域。作者认为情绪理解可以分为对情绪状态的理解和对情绪过程的理解两部分。情绪状态的理解包括表情识别、情绪情景识别和混合情绪理解等，情绪过程的理解涉及情绪原因的理解、愿望与信念对情绪作用的理解、情绪表现规则知识和情绪调节的理解等。作者系统介绍了情绪理解的研究方法及相关研究成果，同时从研究方法和研究内容上提出目前研究的局限性，在方法上有必要对研究材料的文化适用性进行标准化，对问题和情景进行严格设计，降低对儿童语言能力的要求，还可以补充自然语言分析等方法；在内容上有必要深入探讨情绪理解过程及其作用的内部机制，开展情绪理解作用的实验研究，加强对情绪理解的个体内部影响因素的考察

Development of Children's Understanding Emotion

Understanding emotion becomes more and more popular in the resent two decades. Understanding emotion includes two elements: understanding emotional state, and understanding emotional process. Understanding emotional state includes expression recognition, emotion situation recognition, and understanding mixed emotion. Understanding emotional process includes understanding of emotion cause, understanding of desire and belief on emotion, knowledge of emotion display rules and understanding of emotion regulation. The method and development of understanding emotion are reviewed, and the limitations of method and content are discussed. The methods such as social cognitive neuroscience and the natural language analysis are suggested for methodological improvement. The cultural variations in children’s understanding emotion require further study and the materials should be standardized. The process and functional mechanism of understanding emotion are suggested for content improvement. The experimental research in the function of understanding emotion and the personal influencing factors of understanding emotion should be paid more attention in future