大学生问题发现过程的思维特点*

用团体实验考察大学生在生活与科学两个领域中问题发现过程的思维特点。620名大学生参与实验,从问题数量、思维产品、思维层次、思维开放性和思维品质等维度对问题评分。结果显示:(1)不同年级与性别大学生发现问题的整体思维水平相当,男生在思维层次与精致性上占优,态度对问题发现有影响；(2)问题思维评分的领域差异显著；(3)依据问题发现思维的差异可将大学生分为能力强与弱两个类别；(4)大学生发现的大部分问题涉及中等偏下的思维水平。

The Group Study of Characteristics of Problem-Finding Thinking in the Undergraduates

Characteristics of problem-finding thinking were investigated in living and scientific fields. 620 undergraduates attended the experiment. The problems were tested from the whole quantity, the products of thinking, the levels of thinking, the opening of thinking and the quality of thinking. The results showed, 1) The whole level of problem-finding thinking in the students of different grades and genders were almost equally, while the scores of the levels of thinking and delicacy in male students were higher than in female students. Attitude affected the quality of problems. 2) There were differences between scores of problem-finding thinking in different fields. 3) The students could be classified in two types,based on their problem-finding ability. 4) Most problems were concerned with medium or lower level of thinking.