注意转移在负相容效应产生中的作用:独立还是伴随*

采用两个实验设计,在确保负相容效应(NCE)的产生主要来自反应抑制贡献的实验范式基础上加入引发显性注意转移的目标刺激,探讨了注意转移在负相容效应产生中的作用。具体来说,实验一在经典NCE范式中加入中性目标刺激,并操纵启动与目标的关系。发现,不相容条件下的反应时最短,无关条件次之,相容条件下最长。证明在该范式中反应抑制在NCE的产生中占主导地位。实验二则在实验一范式的基础上,加入左、中、右呈现的加号目标刺激。发现,两种目标类型的反应时结果模式均与实验一相似。结果表明,注意转移并非如Cole和Kuhn(2010)提出的能够独立引发NCE,它只是伴随NCE的抑制加工过程而出现,且其加工模式与抑制加工模式类似。

The Role of Attentional Shift in Producing Negative Compatibility Effect: Independent or Accompanied

Current study aimed to clarify whether attentional shift could independently trigger an NCE (attentional shift hypothesis) or it is merely accompanied by an inhibitory procedure (this candidate is predicted by the premotor theory). Experiment 1 used a classical NCE paradigm with mixing a non-directional target. The design manipulated the relationship between prime and target. Results showed shortest mean RT in incompatible trials, longer RT in neutral and longest in compatible trials. Results demonstrated that motor inhibition was primarily responsible in producing NCE in this experimental paradigm. Experiment 2 used similar paradigm as used in the first experiment with mixing a new type of target (plus sign presented at left, central or right side of the screen). Results showed a similar compatibility pattern between arrow and plus targets gauged by RTs. These results did not match the attentional shift hypothesis, but supported the premotor theory. The latter claimed that the attentional shift is accompanied by an inhibitory procedure, furthermore, similar processing modes are shared between the attentional shift and the motor inhibition in the NCE processing.