Contextual cuing and memory performance in brain-damaged amnesics and old people |
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| Authors: | G Winocur M Moscovitch D Witherspoon |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan;2. Faculty of Neurology and Psychiatry, Mito Hospital, 4-1-1, Shime-Higashi, Shime-Machi, Kasuya-Gun, Fukuoka, 811-2243, Japan;1. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University – Kazan Aviation Institute, Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia;2. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia;3. Saint-Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia;1. Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom;2. Department of Music, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom;1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Material Science and Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;2. INEGI/Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;3. ISISE/Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pólo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal;1. Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Ji''nan, 250358, China;2. School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Ji''nan, 250358, China;3. School of Information, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China;4. School of Information Management, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China;1. Center for Research in Language, University of California, San Diego, USA;2. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, USA;3. School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, USA;4. Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University, USA |
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| Abstract: | In Experiment 1, groups of Korsakoff amnesics and alcoholic controls learned a list of paired-associate words in a standard testing room or in a room with distinctive contextual features. Recall was tested 48 hr later in the same or other context. This procedure was repeated in Experiment 2 with old people living in institutions or in the community, but matched for age, health, education, and socioeconomic background. The amnesic patients and institutionalized old people, relative to their comparison groups, were more impaired in recalling the lists under standard conditions and were more responsive to contextual cuing, especially when the distinctive cues were provided during original learning. The results highlight the susceptibility to interference of Korsakoff amnesics and institutionalized old people and offer further evidence that both groups are more responsive to salient contextual cues than either young people or old people living in the community. |
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