学习不良儿童的工作记忆

近年来大量的研究发现：阅读障碍儿童和数学学习不良儿童在言语工作记忆和执行性功能上存在缺陷；数学学习不良儿童在视-空工作记忆上也存在一定的缺陷，但关于阅读障碍儿童是否存在视-空工作记忆缺陷尚存在着争论；关于这种缺陷究竟是一种发展滞后还是发展缺陷尚存在着争论，与所采用的研究方法有一定关系。目前该领域在学习不良与工作记忆的因果关系，工作记忆测量材料的效度及其敏感性，工作记忆与其它认知功能的关系上面临挑战。因此，采用纵向的研究设计、多变量的统计技术，革新工作记忆的评估方法和技术，阐明工作记忆在各学业领域及亚领域中的作用及其内在工作机制是该领域的研究趋势。

Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities

Recently much research on working memory in LD showed, children with reading disability and children with math disability have some deficiencies in verbal working memory and executive function; Children with math disability have deficiency in visual-space working memory, but there has dispute whether children with reading disability show deficiency in visual-space working memory; There has been much dispute over whether LD are characters of developmental lag or developmental deficit, which is partly caused by the methods adopted. The field is facing some challenges including causal relationship between LD and deficiencies in working memory, the validity and sensitiveness of materials used to assess working memory, the relationship between working memory and other cognitive abilities. The future research should be carried by adopting longitudinal design, multivariate statistical procedure, reforming method and techniques of assessing working memory, explaining roles and mechanisms of working memory in the field of academic domain.