Phenomenal and access consciousness in olfaction |
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| Authors: | Richard J. Stevenson |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Team 1 “Autism,” UMR INSERM U 930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France;2. Team 4 “Affective Disorders,” UMR INSERM U 930, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France;3. CHRU de Tours, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, France;1. Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, CH-3000 Bern 60, Switzerland;2. Rhinology, Smell and Taste Outpatient Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;3. Psychiatric Neuroimaging Unit, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, CH-3000 Bern 60, Switzerland;4. Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, USA;5. Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan;6. Rhinology–Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Geneva Neuroscience Center (CMU), University of Geneva Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland;7. Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Contemporary literature on consciousness, with some exceptions, rarely considers the olfactory system. In this article the characteristics of olfactory consciousness, viewed from the standpoint of the phenomenal (P)/access (A) distinction, are examined relative to the major senses. The review details several qualitative differences in both olfactory P consciousness (shifts in the felt location, universal synesthesia-like and affect-rich experiences, and misperceptions) and A consciousness (recovery from habituation, capacity for conscious processing, access to semantic and episodic memory, learning, attention, and in the serial-unitary nature of olfactory percepts). The basis for these differences is argued to arise from the functions that the olfactory system performs and from the unique neural architecture needed to instantiate them. These data suggest, at a minimum, that P and A consciousness are uniquely configured in olfaction and an argument can be made that the P and A distinction may not hold for this sensory system. |
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