Perceptual illusions in brief visual presentations |
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Authors: | Vincent de Gardelle Jérôme Sackur Sid Kouider |
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Institution: | 1. Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U992, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France;2. NeuroSpin Center, Institute of BioImaging Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France;3. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U975 Paris, France;4. AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Neurophysiology, Paris, France;5. Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Paris 6, Paris, France;6. Université Paris 11, Orsay, France;7. Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France;1. Faculty of Law, Institute of Penal Law, University of Tartu (Tallinn Branch), Estonia;2. Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Tartu (Tallinn Branch), Estonia;1. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Center for Cognitive Studies, Department of Philosophy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA |
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Abstract: | We often feel that our perceptual experience is richer than what we can express. For instance, when flashed with a large set of letters, we feel that we can see them all, while we can report only a few. However, the nature of this subjective impression remains highly debated: while many favour a dissociation between two forms of consciousness (access vs. phenomenal consciousness), others contend that the richness of phenomenal experience is a mere illusion. Here we addressed this question with a classical partial-report paradigm now modified to include unexpected items in the unreported parts of the stimuli. We show that even in the presence of unexpected pseudo-letters, participants still felt that there were only letters. Additionally, we show that this feeling reflects an illusion whereby participants reconstruct letters using partial letter-like information. We propose that the feeling of seeing emerges from the interplay between partially accessible information and expectations. |
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