青少年无望感与生活事件、控制信念和社会支持的关系

以607名初高中阶段青少年为被试,采用量表法收集收据,探讨了青少年未来无望感的基本状况以及所受压力生活事件、控制信念和社会支持的影响.结果表明,半数青少年无望感在正常范围内,然而余者存在不同程度的无望感,特别是有13.7%的人至少存在中等及以上程度的无望感而需特别帮助.从影响因素角度看,控制信念对无望感的解释率最高(12.6%),其中二级控制中的认知控制有保护作用,而情感控制则是危险因素,初级控制的预测作用不显著;其次是社会支持,解释率为6.2%,其中家庭支持显著有利于减少未来无望感,朋友或一般他人的支持无显著预测作用;最后是压力生活事件(主要是事件影响程度),解释率为2.7%.

Relationships Between Adolescents' Hopelessness and Life Events, Control Beliefs and Social Supports

The characteristics of adolescents' future hopelessness and relationships between it and stressful life events,control beliefs or social supports were explored based on a sample consisting of 607 junior and senior high schools students.It was found that half of participants' hopelessness scored within the normal range,however the others had hopelessness in different degrees,and especially 13 percent of the participants reported at least moderate hopelessness.Among the independent variables involved in this study,control beliefs as most important factors accounted for 12.6% of the variance of hopelessness.Concretely,secondary control including cognitive control as a protective factor and affective control as a risky one had prediction power for hopelessness,but primary control did not.Social support accounted for 6.2% of the variance of hopelessness for the significant predictive role of family support.Finally,stressful life events predicted only 2.7% of the variance of hopelessness.