基于神经成像技术的青少年大脑发育研究

大脑成熟是一个动态过程, 高级神经活动的发育主要集中于个体发展的第二个10年：青少年时期。青少年时期是行为、认知和脑迅速发展的时期。青少年普遍表现出来的注意、冲动控制、计划、决策等认知能力的提高都是基于神经系统的成熟发展起来的。运用神经成像等技术的研究指出, 大脑在青少年时期的发展经历着突触精简以及髓鞘化的过程; 白质、灰质在青少年时期的成熟有不同的发展轨迹。青少年大脑皮层的成熟顺序与认知功能的发展相联系, 人脑的高级认知功能在青少年时期发展完成。在这一过程中, 脑的发展会受到情绪、环境以及经验等因素的影响。

A Neuroimaging-Based Review of the Teen Brain Development

Brain maturity is a dynamic process, the development of higher nervous activity lies mainly in the second decade: the period of adolescence. Adolescence is a period of rapid development in one’s behavior, cognition and brain. The enhancement of teenagers’ cognitive capabilities is based on the maturity of nervous system, e.g. attention, impulse-controlling, planning, decision-making, etc. Neuroimaging studies indicated that the development of teen’s brain undergoes synaptic pruning and myelinization. The maturity of white matter and gray matter has different development track in adolescents. The maturity sequence of the teen’s cerebral cortex is associated with the development of cognitive function which, however, is completed in adolescent. In this process, the development of one’s brain will be affected by emotion, experience, environment and other factors.