虚拟所有权关系下的自我参照效应

通过两个实验,探讨了代词所确定的所有权关系对记忆的影响。实验1为2(参照条件:我的与他的)×3(报告类型:主试跟读、被试跟读与被试自己读)的混合设计,实验2为2(参照条件:我的与他的)×2(报告顺序:自己先报告与他人先报告)的被试内设计。实验中被试按相应的要求报告物品的所有权关系。结果发现,被试对自己的物品的回忆成绩显著高于对他人物品的回忆成绩,表现出所有权效应,说明即使由代词确定的虚拟所有权关系也对记忆有影响。

The Self-reference Effect under the Virtual Ownership Relation

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ownership relations between self and objects formed under the pronoun condition had some influence on memory.This study adopted personal pronouns to form transient ownership.Experiment 1 involved a mixed design,with Cue a within-subject variable(with two levels:my,and his)and Report Type a between-subject factor(with three levels:read after the subject,read after the experimenter,and read by the subject himself).In experiment 2,a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted;both Cue(with two levels:my,and his)and Report Order(with two levels:one subject read first,and his partner read first)were within-subject factors.After a distraction task,a subsequent free recall test was performed.The results showed that free recall scorces of self-owned objects were significantly higher than other-owned objects.Both of the experiments manifested the ownership effect.A major finding of the study was that the virtual ownership relation between self and objects formed under a pronoun had significant impact on memory,which was the ownership effect.