早期高级认知发展与前额叶功能发育的fNIRS研究

儿童早期阶段是各项认知能力和脑发育的关键阶段。近红外光谱成像技术(fNIRS)凭借其非侵害性、便捷操作以及对头动容忍度高等特点,在早期阶段儿童认知发展与脑发育的研究中得到越来越多的应用。从早期高级认知发展与前额叶功能的单侧优势变化、对应前额叶脑区逐渐专门化、发展关键期与前额叶功能的可塑性,以及前额叶功能异常与早期发展障碍的关系等四个方面对基于fNIRS技术开展的早期认知发展与脑发育的研究进展进行了梳理和分析。指出未来研究应探究儿童早期认知能力发展和脑发育的轨迹及关键期,探讨有发展性障碍家族风险儿童的早期大脑发育特点,为早期教育和发展障碍的早期预警提供依据。

fNIRS Studies of the Development of Early Advanced Cognitive Ability and Prefrontal Function

The children's early development of cognition and brain activity would play a crucial role in their whole life. The fNIRS, as a new neuroimaging technique, is especially suitable for the studies on young children with its advantages of being relatively noninvasive, portable and insensitive to head-moving. This review summarized the fNIRS studies of the development of early advanced cognitive ability and prefrontal function from four aspects. In the follow-up studies, researchers should pay more attention to explore the dynamic relationship between the development of early advanced cognitive ability and prefrontal function, and to study the critical period of the development of early advanced cognitive ability and prefrontal function. In addition, studies on prefrontal dysfunction should be conducted to provide evidence for the early diagnosis of developmental disable children and children at risk for developmental disability.