Sex Differences in Mothers' Speech and Play Behavior with 6-, 9-, and 14-Month-Old Infants |
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Authors: | Melissa W Clearfield Naree M Nelson |
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Institution: | (1) Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington;(2) Department of Psychology, Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, 99362, Washington |
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Abstract: | In this study, we analyzed mothers' speech and play behavior with their 6-, 9-, and 14-month-old sons and daughters. Thirty-six
infant–mother dyads participated in a 10-min free-play session with gender-neutral toys. No sex differences were found in
the infants' behavior, but sex differences were found in mothers' verbal behavior and level of engagement. Mothers of daughters
made more interpretations and engaged in more conversation with their daughters, whereas mothers of sons made more comments
and attentionals, which were typified by instructions rather than conversation. Furthermore, mothers interacted more with
their daughters than with their sons across all ages. Overall, these results demonstrate that mothers transmit different messages
to their male and female infants, both through language and interaction, which may contribute to infants' gender role development. |
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Keywords: | gender socialization infant development infant gender play parent– infant interaction |
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