《吕氏春秋》智力观探析

摘 要 《吕氏春秋》关于智力内涵的诠释大大超过前人，它所描述的“知时”、“知化”、“长见”、“察微”、“贵卒”等智力特征与现代智力理论相契合；它提出的“人同类而智殊”、“小智非大智之类”、“智不遇时则无功”、“人之少也愚，其长也智”等观点，充分体现了中国先秦学者的智慧；它关于通过“自反”、学习促进智力发展的主张，对当今教育依然具有重要的参照价值。《吕氏春秋》的智育定位主要是王道，它较少注意先天因素对智力的影响，这是其局限。关键词 吕氏春秋 智力观 个体差异 智力发展

An Exploration of the Intellectual Views in the Spring and Autumn of Lü Buwei

An Exploration of the Intellectual Views in the Spring and Autumn of Lü Buwei Pang Weiguo (School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062) Abstract The Spring and Autumn of Lü Buwei was a book edited by the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty. The main purpose of the book was to summarize the ruling principles for the king of the Qin Dynasty to meet the coming circumstance of a united China. The focus of the book was how the king fulfiled self-enhancement and how to recruit competent people for his kingdom. For this reason, there were a lot of discussions on the issues of human intelligence. Comparatively speeking, the definition of intelligence in the Spring and Autumn of Lü Buwei was more thoughtful than ever before. The intellectual characteristics described in the book, such as “knowing the right time and changes”, “having foresights”, “nipping in the bud”, “reacting fast”, were all consistent with those depicted in modern intelligence theories. The views offered in the book that “different people have different levels of intelligence even though they are all of one genus-the human being”, “petty tricks and wisdom are quite different from each other.”, “if the right time has not come, the wise man could not not accomplish great achivements”, and “human beings are normally foolish during their childhood, and become intelligent after they grow up”, indicated the wisdom of the scholars in pre-Qin period. The suggestions proposed by the authors that intelligence should be promoted by self-reflection and learning could also have important implications for modern education. Key Word the Spring and Autumn of Lü Buwei, intellectual views, individual difference, the development of lintelligence