小学3～6年级儿童数运算策略的获得及策略应用无效性

研究采用实验室实验和心理测验的方法,选取小学3～6年级的120名儿童为被试,探讨了数运算过程中策略应用无效性是否存在以及儿童策略获得与发展的基本过程。结果发现:(1)在数运算的解题过程中存在策略应用无效性这一阶段;(2)儿童的认知成绩在策略学习前后基本上呈现为一种先下降后上升然后再下降的曲折模式,而不是简单的线性增长;(3)策略获得的过程包括策略探索、策略领会的初步运用和策略使用的退化三个阶段。

Strategies' Utilization Deficiency of Three to Six Grade Students When Solving Multi-Subtraction Problem

This study explored the concept of utilization deficiency and the development progressing of strategies. One hundred and twenty primary school students of three to six grade participated in this study.The results showed that the phase of utilization deficiency did exist when children solved problems.After using a strategy,children's cognitive performance decreased firstly,and then,it ascended gradually.Finally,the performance dropped a little again.In generally,the process of strategy acquisition was not linear.The process of strategy acquisition included three stages.They are exploring use,comprehensive use and degeneration of strategy use.