戈尔茨坦的机能整体观述评

二十世纪初心理学界盛行三种理论学派：定位说、反射论和精神分析学派。机能整体观，就当时的著名学者戈尔茨坦从病理学角度提出的一种针对这三大流派的反拔。机能整体观从生物学基础为完形学派提供了证据，用大量的动物实验和临床实践资料证明，整体机能不等于特定机能之和，特定机能也不能脱离整体而存在。从戈尔茨坦的思想中我们还可以看到人本主义思想的一些痕迹。

An Evaluation of Goldstein's Holistic Theory

At the beginning of last century, three psychological schools, Localitionism, Reflectionism and Psychopathism, prevailed in western academia. However, Kurt Goldstein, a creative scholar, refused to follow them blindly, since he found there are a great deal of limitations and defections in above thoughts. Based on his own observations and experiments, Goldstein proposed the Holistic Theory to criticize those prevailing opinions. This theory not only provided physical evidences for Gestalt psychology, but also illuminated that the organism is not equal to the sum of specific functions as well as specific functions cannot exist without the whole organism. In some extent, we can trace the origin of Humanism from his contributions.