青年学生自信问卷的编制

自信是指对自己的信任，对自己身体、心理和社会性的信任，表现为有信心，不怀疑。为了编制青年学生自信问卷，首先采用开放式问卷对130名大学生和高中学生进行了调查，内容分析表明青年学生自信包含五类行为，在此基础上编制了青年学生自信预试问卷。391份有效问卷的探索性因素分析表明，青年学生自信问卷测查的是个五因素结构，包括才智自信、人际自信、品质自信、应对自信和成就自信。为了进一步检验青年学生自信问卷的构想效度，并考察其效标效度，1084名青年学生完成了该问卷和五项效标的测查。验证性因素分析支持青年学生自信问卷的结构，结合信度分析和多元回归分析的结果，表明青年学生自信问卷具有较好的信度与效度。

Development and Initial Validation of the Youth Serf-Confidence Inventory

Self-confidence is a widely used concept rooted in Chinese culture, yet no multidimensional measures of self-confidence have been developed for use within a Chinese cultural context. The primary purpose of this research was to determine the structure of self-confidence from an indigenous perspective, through developing and validating a youth self-confidence inventory. An initial sample (n = 130) from senior high school and university completed the open-ended questionnaire “Twenty Self-Confidence Statements Test”. Their responses were subjected to content analyses and five domains of self confidence emerged: academic confidence, interpersonal confidence, moral certainty, coping efficacy, and achievement expectations. In a second sample, 391 students (170 males, 221 females) completed 50 items generated to reflect these five dimensions. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in a five factor solution comprising 33 items that explained 53.32% of the variance in self-confidence and reflected the hypothesized factor structure. In Study 3, 1084 high school and university students (537males, 533 females) completed the YSCI, Self-Doubt Scale (Oleson et al., 2000), Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ (Beck et al, 1996), Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, &; Lepper, 1999), Student Behavioral Inhibition Scale (Wang et al., 2004), and Scale of Self-Worth (Huang &; Yang, 1998), with a subset of 67 students completing the YSCI two weeks later. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) replicated the initial factor structure of the YSCI and indicated a satisfactory goodness-of-fit (χ2/df=2.81, RMR=0.07, GFI=0.90, AGFI=0.88, TLI=0.83, RMSEA=0.05, RMSEA LO=0.04, RMSEA HI=0.05, PCLOSE=0.970>0.05). Internal consistencies and retest reliabilities for the subscales were all higher than 0.70, supporting the reliability of the YSCI. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that self-confidence could explain 13% of the variance in confidence inhibition (F=27.80, p<0.01), 17% of the variance in self-doubt (F=40.26, p<0.01), 29% of the variance in self-worth (F=66.83, p<0.01), 24% of the variance in depression (F=63.19, p<0.01) and 18% of the variance in subjective happiness (F=40.65, p<0.01), indicating the YSCI had satisfactory criterion validity. In sum, this research resulted in the development of the Youth Self-Confidence Inventory (YSCI), a reliable, comprehensive measure of self-confidence that has promising validity and considerable potential utility in research on adolescent and emerging adult samples within Chinese and non-Chinese cultural contexts.