Creativity: The individual,the systems,the approach

The theory that different ideation-evaluation (I-E) ratios are optimal for creative problem solving in different fields of endeavor in organizations is presented. Preliminary field data (n = 622), which support the theory, are reported. As predicted, higher I-E ratios were found for work classified as more problem finding in nature, such as research; lower ratios were found for work classified as more solution implementation in nature, such as manufacturing; moderate ratios in-between were found for work classified as more problem solving in nature, such as nonprofit organization administration. Implications for training and for increasing the understanding of innovation in organizations are discussed.