| Abstract: | Traditionally creativity has been examined based on the creator-centered model, and it has been assumed that creativity is the same across all knowledge domains. This article presents an argument that challenges the traditional view: Creativity is also shaped by the structural constraints a domain places on the process of creativity. To explore how domain constraints are related to creativity, 2 types of domains are distinguished. Horizontal domains allow novelty to occur in all dimensions, resulting in divergent developments of the domain. Vertical domains, in contrast, possess certain stable elements that are existentially fundamental to the domain, thus permitting alteration only around certain dimensions. The horizontality and verticality of domains are examined in this article through 5 structural parameters identifiable in a domain: the aim; methods; symbol systems and uses; rules; and standards of quality. Modem Western and traditional Chinese ink brush painting are used as comparative examples for the illustration of the theory. |
