愤怒的动机方向

动机是动物行为的基本推动力。愤怒作为一种特殊的负性情绪通常具有趋近动机的性质, 但在某些情境下却跟回避动机有关。对这些冲突的证据有两种解释, 其一认为愤怒的特异性成分可能与趋近动机有关, 而其非特异性成分与回避动机有关; 其二认为, 愤怒外投与趋近动机有关, 愤怒内投与回避动机有关。大量研究暗示了愤怒与趋近动机的关联具有优先性与一般性, 而愤怒与回避动机的关联则是有条件的, 受情境制约的。将来需要进一步探索愤怒与趋近动机的进化和认知神经机制, 并明确愤怒与回避动机相关联的情境特征。

The Motivational Direction of Anger

Animal behavior is driven by motivation essentially. Anger, as a special negative emotion, was thought to be related to the approach motivational system. Several studies, however, found that anger was associated with the avoidance motivational system. Some scholars explained these conflict findings by suggesting that the nonspecific component of anger was related to avoidance motivation, whereas its specific component had a stronger link to approach motivation. While some others linked approach motivation with anger-out, and avoidance motivation with anger-in. However, considerable data implied the association between anger and approach motivation were preferred and common, and the association between anger and avoidance motivation was conditioned and limited by the situation. More studies are needed to uncover the evolutionary anger-approach motivation link as well as its cognitive and neural mechanism, and to clarify the situational characters of anger-avoidance motivation link.