The effects of inattention on selective attention: How sadness and ruminations alter attention functions evaluated with the Attention Network Test |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cognition, langues, langage et ergonomie (CLLE), UTM, EPHE, CNRS, maison de la recherche, université de Toulouse-le-Mirail, 5, allée Antonio-Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France;2. Laboratoire de psychologie expérimentale (LPE), CRP2C, UPRES EA 1285, université de Rennes 2 - Haute-Bretagne, place du Recteur-Henri-le-Moal, 35043 Rennes cedex, France;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;2. Mississippi State University, PO Box 6161, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China;2. Department of Education and Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China;3. Department of Health and Agedness Service, Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing, China;4. Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China;1. The Staffordshire Centre for Psychological Research, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK;2. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;1. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Essex, UK;3. Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK;4. North Essex Partnership University NHS Trust, UK |
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| Abstract: | In two in-laboratory studies, we investigated the influence of inattention when caused by sadness and ruminations on attention functions. Being sad and ruminating over negative thoughts involves a long-lasting attentional self-focus, altering the ability to process relevant information from the environment. It subsequently leads to inattention, considered as a very specific attention deficit. In a preliminary methodological study, it was demonstrated that the combined imagery vignettes and music procedure was efficient to induce sadness and ruminations, propitious to inattention. Then, in a second experiment, sadness and ruminations were induced with this procedure in order to provoke inattention. The effects of inattention on selective attention processes were assessed using the Attention Network Test, which discriminates between three independent attention functions: alerting, orienting and conflict. Results on reaction times showed that only the orienting function was affected when inattentive, with a significant alteration on spatial information processing. These results were discussed in the light of the literature on emotion and attention. |
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