中国逻辑史视野下的先秦易学与名辩学

19世纪以来的中国逻辑史研究,比照西方逻辑,仅仅将先秦的名辩学看成是中国逻辑史的主要部分。其间虽有对《周易》的涉及,但也是浅尝辄止。本文从《周易》经、传产生的年代,特别是《周易》经、传所蕴涵的逻辑内容与先秦名辩逻辑的代表人物孔子、惠施、邓析等人的思想对比,说明先秦易学逻辑对名辩逻辑产生了深刻的影响。得出《周易》的经、传发轫了中国古代逻辑中的推类理论,而名辩学尤其是墨家辩学的推类理论则是对自《周易》以来的推类逻辑传统的总结和提高的结论。

On the Yi Studies and the School of Logicians in the pre-Qin times from the vision of Chinese logic history

Since the 19th century, the studies of Chinese logic history,comparing with western logic,only consider the logicians' learning of the pre-Qin times the main body in the Chinese logic history. Though a few scholars have touched upon Zhouyi in studying Chinese logic, their researches are superficial. From the time when the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi came into being, particularly by comparing the logic conceived in Zhouyi and the thought of the logician representatives such as Confucius, Hui Shi, and Deng Xi, this paper attempts to reveal the deep influences of the logic in Zhouyi upon the logicians' logic, concluding that the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi set ancient Chinese analogy afoot, whereas the analogy upheld by the logicians, especially by the Mo School summarized and developed the logic tradition established in Zhouyi.