情绪影响错误记忆认知机制的年龄差异

以情绪性的类别图片为实验材料,使用改进后的简化联合再认范式,结合多项式加工树建模的统计手段,对28名老年人(67.95±4.70岁)和29名年轻人(22.60±2.74岁)情绪错误记忆的产生机制进行考察。结果发现,在行为层面,消极情绪增加年轻人和老年人的错误"记得",而积极情绪只增加老年人的错误"记得",老年人错误记忆的积极效应体现在更多地报告自己生动鲜明地"记得"未曾发生过的积极事件。在认知机制层面,虚假回想是导致老年人错误记忆出现积极效应的关键认知过程。相比年轻人,积极情绪会独特地增加老年人的虚假回想,进而增加错误"记得"的发生概率。

Age Alters the Effects of Emotional Valence on the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying False Memory

Using categorical pictures with positive,negative and neutral valence,we applied a modified version of the simplified conjoint recognition paradigm,combined with a statistical method of multinomial processing tree model to 28 old adults(aged 67.95±4.70 years)and 29(aged 22.60±2.74 years)younger adults so as to investigate how age alters the effects of emotional valence on the cognitive mechanisms underlying false memory.The behavioral results revealed significant age-related differences in emotional false“remembering”.Specifically,both age groups showed higher rates of false“remembering”for negative related probes,but only old adults showed higher rates of false“remembering”for positive related probes.The cognitive mechanism underlying the observed“positivity effects”in false“remembering”among old adults stemmed from the process of phantom recollection,as positive valence promotes the process of phantom recollection only in old adults,but not in younger adults.