On-task distractors associated with totball baseball games: a preliminary study |
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Authors: | Mead Tim P Broussard Carmen D Rosenthal Gary T Boudreaux Dwight L Cooley Amanda M Hammerli Walt W |
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Affiliation: | Department of Teacher Education, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA. |
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Abstract: | Two totball baseball leagues in southern Louisiana were monitored to judge what type of parental involvement yielded the highest on-task behaviors among participants. 39 children ages 3 to 5 years participated in 3- or 4-inning baseball games with parents on the field. In the Parent on Bases League, a parent stood on first, second, and third base only. In the Parent with Every Child League, a parent stood next to every child on the field. Children were observed on the field at three different dates at 1-min. intervals during the first two innings of one game in both leagues. On-task behaviors were defined as standing in the correct field position and watching the ball. Off-task behaviors consisted of sitting, rolling on the field, talking to a coach or parent, and not watching the ball. A statistically significant difference in the percent of time children spent on-task favored the Parents on Bases League (75.7) versus the other league (50.3). Having fewer parents on the field in these baseball games kept players on-task more effectively than having a parent with each child. |
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