Paradoxical Effects of Warning in the Production of Children's False Memories |
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| Authors: | Francesco Del Prete Mahiko Konishi Cesare Cornoldi Simona Ghetti |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of General Psychology , University of Padova , Italy;2. Department of Experimental Psychology , University of Granada , Spain;3. Department of General Psychology , University of Padova , Italy;4. Department of Psychology, Center for Mind and Brain , University of California , Davis |
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| Abstract: | The effects of warning on false recognition and associated subjective experience of false recollection and familiarity were investigated in 7- to 13-year-old children and young adults (N = 259) using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Two warning conditions (warning with an example of a critical lure and warning without an example of a critical lure) were compared to a control condition, in which no warning was received. We found that 7- to 8-year-olds exhibited higher false recognition in the warning-with-example condition compared with the control condition; in contrast, 12- to 13-year-olds and young adults exhibited reduced false recognition in the warning-with-example condition. No effect of warning was observed in 10- to 11-year-olds. The subjective experience associated with false memories was similar across ages. In contrast, age-related increases in subjective recollection were found for true memories. The processes that enhance or suppress false memories during development are discussed. |
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