工作记忆训练的研究述评*

以往研究表明，工作记忆是一个资源有限的系统，但近年来大量研究发现工作记忆成绩可以通过训练提高。工作记忆训练是指针对低容量的个体进行针对存储系统或者中央执行系统各成分的训练，以提升个体工作记忆绩效及影响任务相关脑区的活动。来自认知神经科学的证据在评估工作记忆训练的效果上起到了重要作用。虽然目前该领域的研究已经取得一定的成绩，但是利用工作记忆训练来改善个体的工作记忆在具体的方法、训练成效等问题上还存在一定的争议。

Review on Working Memory Training

Results of previous studies show that working memory (WM) is a system with limited resource. However, recent studies find that the performance for low WM capacity individuals can be raised by WM training which practicing the ability of storage system and the central executive system. The evidence from the cognitive neuroscience has played an important role in evaluating the effects of WM training. Many achievements have been made about this issue, but there is still some controversy, such as the choice of training tasks and long-term maintenance of the training impacts.