Moderate-to-vigorous intensity cycling exercise immediately after visual learning enhances delayed recognition memory performance |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;3. Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;4. Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA;5. Department of Neurology and the Center for Imaging Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA;1. Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Nantes Université, Le Mans, Nantes, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, Grenoble, France;3. LAPCOS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France;4. Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;5. Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;1. School of Psychology, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China;2. School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada;1. Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Portugal;2. Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Portugal;3. Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal;4. Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal;5. Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal;6. Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal;7. Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-223, Bragança, Portugal;8. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal;9. CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal;1. School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada;2. Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 1-105 University Hall, 8840 - 114 St NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J9, Canada;1. School of Kinesiology & Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;2. School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada |
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| Abstract: | A single bout of acute aerobic exercise has been shown to improve long-term memory, though it is unclear if exercise before learning or after learning is optimal for memory enhancement. Although some research has demonstrated that exercise before learning is ideal, investigations have consistently shown that acute arousal post-learning is a powerful memory enhancer. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of self-perceived hard cycling before or after learning on recognition memory for emotional and neutral images, and examine the relationship between central noradrenergic activity and memory performance. Seventy-two males and females (18–35 years of age) participated in this between-subjects study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: exercise before learning, exercise after learning, and control. Participants in the exercise groups engaged in 20 min of cycling at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 15 (“hard”) on the Borg RPE scale before or after viewing a series of 90 pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images (30 each). Participants in the control group engaged in no exercise before or after image viewing. At several time points throughout the experiment, saliva was collected to measure salivary alpha amylase (sAA), a marker of central noradrenergic activity. One-week later, recognition memory was assessed where participants viewed 180 images (90 new) and had to identify which images were previously viewed. Participants in the exercise after learning group had significantly higher recognition memory compared to the control group, but this was not seen with exercise before learning. sAA was not correlated with memory in any group, though it did increase during exercise. These results demonstrate that acute self-perceived hard cycling post-learning, but not pre-learning, improves recognition memory, though this was unrelated to the exercise-induced increase in central noradrenergic activity as measured in saliva. |
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| Keywords: | Arousal Acute exercise Memory IAPS Salivary alpha-amylase |
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