Action outcome probability influences the size of the head-fake effect in basketball |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sport & Health, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany;2. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK;1. Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Portugal;2. Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Portugal;3. Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal;4. Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320, Melgaço, Portugal;5. Research Center in Sports Sciences Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal;6. Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal;7. Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-223, Bragança, Portugal;8. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal;9. CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal;1. Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer (NUPEF), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa-MG, Brazil;2. EDAF Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain;1. Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, USA;2. Department of Neurology, University of Florida, USA;1. Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium;2. Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, UK;1. Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W Circle Dr, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA;2. Departments of Kinesiology/Physical Education and Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, N2L 3C5, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, N2L 3C5, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Sport Leadership and Management, Miami University, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, USA |
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| Abstract: | Both kinematic and contextual information (e.g., action outcome probability) play a significant role in action anticipation. However, few researchers have examined the reciprocal influence of the two types of information and fewer still have investigated this issue for deceptive actions in sports. In the present study, we investigate the impact of action outcome probability on the processing of deceptive kinematic cues for the head fake in basketball. We manipulated the probability of the action outcome to either pass the ball to the left or to the right side (i.e., 75%, 50%, 25%) and examined how this contextual information affected the influence of head orientation on pass direction judgments. Outcome probability information was either provided explicitly (Experiment 1) or implicitly (Experiment 2). Both experiments indicated an increased head-fake effect with increasing outcome probability. Moreover, the bias to respond in line with the player’s head direction increased linearly with outcome probability. Also, discriminability between deceptive and genuine actions was poorer for high outcome probability (75%) associated with head orientation than for the 25% and 50% values. Last, a stronger response bias toward the higher probability side for deceptive trials than for genuine trials was only significant when the outcome probability information was processed implicitly in Experiment 2. The results of this study fit well with recent literature on contextual information in action prediction and are discussed in light of confirmation bias and signal detection theory. |
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