Associations between physical activity and proactive control and the modulating role of working memory |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China;2. Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China;3. Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China;1. Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “Gabriele d’Annunzio” of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy;2. Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University “Gabriele d’Annunzio” of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy;3. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \"Foro Italico\", Rome, Italy;4. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy;5. Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University “Gabriele d’Annunzio” of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy;6. Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy;7. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d''Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;8. Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University “Gabriele d’Annunzio” of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy;1. Heidelberg University, Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 720, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany;2. University of Erfurt, Social, Organizational, and Economic Psychology, Germany;1. School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Kinesiology Building, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Williams-Brice 111, P.O. Box 261954, Conway, SC, 29528, USA;3. Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, 1404 Bronco Circle, Boise, ID, 83725, USA;4. Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, USA;1. The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel;2. Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium;3. Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania;1. Prefeitura de Valinhos, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK;3. Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil;4. Edge Group, United Arab Emirates;5. Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Accumulating evidence indicates positive associations between physical activity (PA) and cognitive control. Proactive control, the ability to maintain goal-relevant information in preparation of upcoming task demands, is a critical component of cognitive control. However, little research has examined the association between PA and proactive control. To address this issue, a total of 132 university students were recruited and divided into two groups based on reported regular PA during past week. All participants completed two common cognitive control tasks: the AX Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) and the Cued Task-Switching Paradigm (CTS). In comparison with the low PA group, the high PA group showed greater proactive control efficiency on both tasks. Moreover, proactive control indices significantly correlated between the two tasks for the high but not for the low PA group. Further, working memory significantly modulated the association between PA and proactive control efficiency of CTS. Although the present cross-section design does not allow us to test the causal relationship between PA and proactive control, these findings may have important implications for developing effective intervention strategies which aim to promote proactive control through increasing PA or to promote PA through increasing proactive control. Moreover, individual differences in working memory are important to consider when we aim to design such interventions. |
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| Keywords: | Physical activity Dual mechanisms of control Proactive control Working memory Young adults |
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