Effect of brief mindfulness and relaxation inductions on anxiety,affect and brain activation in athletes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC, USA;3. Department of Sports Training Science-Athletics, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;4. Department of Sports Training Science-Combats, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;5. Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan;1. Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Nantes Université, Le Mans, Nantes, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, Grenoble, France;3. LAPCOS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France;4. Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;5. Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;1. Queensland University of Technology, Australia;2. University of Queensland, Australia;1. University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, 1845 N Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620 S McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. School of Physical Education, Quanzhou Normal University, # 398, Donghai Boulevard, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China;2. Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, # 55, Hua-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan;3. Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Coleman Building, 2nd Floor, Suite 266, 1408 Walker Avenue, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA;4. Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, #55, Hua-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan;5. Department of Educational Technology, Tamkang University, No.151, Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan;6. Physical Education Office, National Chengchi University, NO.64, Sec.2,Zhi-Nan Rd., Wenshan District, Taipei City, 11605, Taiwan;7. Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan, Taoyuan, 33301, Taiwan;8. Institute of Physical Education Science, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, No.1 Campus Village, Longjiang Road, Fuqing, 350300, Fujian, China;1. Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany;2. Faculty of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany;1. Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States;2. Department of Sociology, Psychology, and Social Work, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica |
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| Abstract: | The mindfulness-based intervention and psychological skills training are often used for maintaining the mental health or reducing undesirable mental states in athletes. However, their differences in acute effects on mental health and underlying neural mechanism are not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the differential effects of brief mindfulness induction (MI) and relaxation induction (RI) on state anxiety, affect and brain activation. Thirty-five track and field athletes were recruited for this study. Using a within-subjects crossover design, participants underwent three conditions that incorporated two 30-min experimental conditions (i.e., MI or RI) and a control condition. State anxiety and affect were assessed before and after intervention, and brain activation (i.e., theta, alpha bands) were recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) during each 30-min condition. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that MI and RI similarly reduced state anxiety and negative affect from pre-test to post-test compared to the control condition. In terms of positive affect, there were no significant differences among the three conditions across times. Furthermore, participants exhibited higher frontal theta power during the MI and RI than control condition, whereas no differences in alpha power were observed among conditions. The current study provides initial evidence from an electrophysiological perspective that brief MI and RI both improve the negative psychological states in individual sport athletes through similar neural mechanisms. Nevertheless, the moderating effects of training experiences and long-term interventions on mental state and EEG activity in athletes need further investigation in future studies. |
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| Keywords: | Mindfulness Relaxation Mental health EEG Cognitive resource |
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