Resilience and Enhancement in Sport,Exercise, & Training (RESET): A brief self-compassion intervention with NCAA student-athletes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;2. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;1. Queensland University of Technology, Australia;2. University of Queensland, Australia;1. Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Nantes Université, Le Mans, Nantes, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, Grenoble, France;3. LAPCOS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France;4. Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;5. Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;1. Physical Activity Sciences Department, Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada;2. Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health in Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada;3. School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada;1. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada;2. Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Canada;3. School of Creative and Performing Arts, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Athletes often believe that self-criticism is necessary to avoid complacency, but this attitude can lead to anxiety and stress. Research shows that self-compassion is an adaptive way to relate to mistakes and challenges. Although there are many benefits of self-compassion, fear that self-compassion harms performance may discourage athletes from adopting this approach. This study developed and tested an online self-compassion intervention for athletes called RESET (Resilience and Enhancement in Sport, Exercise, & Training), adapted from the Mindful Self-Compassion program. Between-group analyses (multilevel modeling; MLM) and within-group analyses (paired t-tests) were used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on athletes’ ability to respond compassionately to failure, improve well-being, and increase perceived sport performance. Compared to the waitlist control (n = 102, 71% women), the intervention group (n = 148, 90% women) experienced greater increases in self-compassion, decreases in self-criticism and fear of self-compassion, and greater improvements in perceived performance. In general, the intervention was more effective for those who had the most room for growth. Within-group analyses supported the MLM findings while also showing that athletes who participated in the RESET program experienced reduced levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Program evaluation measures, including participant testimonials, extend the quantitative findings and demonstrate that RESET was engaging, well-liked, and effective. |
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| Keywords: | Athletes Coping Self-compassion Self-criticism Intervention Resilience |
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