Perceived self-efficacy by Under-10 tennis players when scaling the equipment and play area |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sport Science, Murcia, Spain;2. CIPER, Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação da Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal;3. CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;4. Department of General and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain;1. Queensland University of Technology, Australia;2. University of Queensland, Australia;1. AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, Valencia, 46022, Spain;2. Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Blatt PE Center, 1300 Wheat Street, Office 218N, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA;3. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Locked Bag, 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia;1. Prefeitura de Valinhos, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK;3. Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil;4. Edge Group, United Arab Emirates;5. Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Nantes Université, Le Mans, Nantes, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SENS, Grenoble, France;3. LAPCOS, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France;4. Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;5. Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | The modification of child-sports aims to develop an optimal learning environment that facilitates the emergence of desirable psychological outcomes (e.g., self-efficacy). The aim of the study was to assess the effect of reducing net height and court size on self-efficacy and shot-efficacy of U-10 tennis players in a real-game context. Twenty U-10 tennis players (M = 9.46, SD = 0.66 years of age; M = 3.65, SD = 1.53 years of tennis experience) played two round-robin tournaments one week apart in the same order and schedule. The first tournament was played under the International Tennis Federation’s Tennis 10s regulation at green stage (GT). Afterwards, the modified tournament (MT) was played with the same regulation GT, however, net height (0.91 m–0.80 m) and court size (23.77 m × 8.23 m–18.00 m × 8.23 m) were reduced. Results accomplished using Bayesian and Frequentist inferences showed an increase in players’ self-efficacy when serving in MT than GT (BF10 = 4.796; δ = −0.576; and p = .011). This is increase may be due to a reduction in their serving faults in MT (BF10 = 6.169; δ = −0.591; and p = .010). Therefore, reducing net height and court size enhances the serve performance and self-efficacy and thus promotes positive tennis experiences. |
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| Keywords: | Modified sport Positive experiences Nonlinear pedagogy Task constraints Competition Child sport |
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