Trait tendencies to forgive,punish, and exonerate oneself: A multi-study investigation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of the Free State, South Africa;2. University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa;3. Middle Tennessee State University, United States;4. Virginia Commonwealth University, United States;5. Central Arkansas VA Health Care System, United States;6. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States;7. Georgia State University, United States;8. Bowling Green State University, United States;1. Universitat Ramon Llull, ESADE, Spain;2. Harvard University, United States;3. University of Virginia, United States;1. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States;2. McGill University, Montreal, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States;2. The Mind Research Network, University of New Mexico, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;3. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Mendota Juvenile Treatment Center, 1202 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States;1. DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;2. Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany;3. Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany;4. Institute of Medical Psychology at the Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | In two studies (N’s = 515 and 359), we examine the utility of the Dual-Process Model of Self-Forgiveness for conceptualizing and measuring trait self-forgiveness with South African and American adults. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the trait-adapted Dual-Process Self-Forgiveness Scale supported an eight-item, two-factor structure of self-forgivingness consistent with prior theorizing and empirical evidence. The trait-adapted measure predicted incrementally more variance in outcomes beyond an existing measure of trait self-forgiveness. Latent subgroups characterized by tendencies to forgive, punish, and exonerate oneself in response to wrongdoing or failure were identified. Comparisons of mean differences provided preliminary evidence supporting the validity of the subgroups. Implications of the findings for conceptualizing and measuring self-forgiveness are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Self-forgiveness Self-punishment Self-exoneration Measurement Latent profile analysis |
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