心理治疗关系之作用机制研究述评

综述心理治疗理论中有关治疗关系之治疗机制的理论观点。发现主要存在三种不同的观点。其中社会影响观点认为治疗关系的作用在增强治疗者在当事人心中的可信性，从而强化了治疗者的说服性信息对当事人态度改变的影响力；心理动力学观点主张移情性治疗关系使得当事人早期的依附情况及当事人的内部工作模型得以在治疗中显现，从而为分析治疗提供依据并指示方向；当事人中心观点则认为良好的治疗关系降低了当事人的防卫性，从而使得当事人的感受和体验可以无障碍地进入意识，进而促进了当事人的一致性。作者提出这个领域今后的研究应该考虑以“跨理论”的角度，加强理论模型的提炼和实际检验

A Review Of The Studies On The Functioning Mechanisms Of Psychotherapeutic Relationship

To review the theoretical viewpoints on the functioning mechanisms of psychotherapeutic relationship. It is found that there are three major ones. The first, social influence theory, considers that the therapeutic relationship enhances the reliability of a counselor, and thereby enhances the influence of the information given by the counselor on the client respect to attitude change. The second, psychodynamic view, claims that transferential relationship makes it easy to recognise the attachment style of a client, and thereby is helpful to the analysis work. The third, client-centered approach, holds that a good therapist-client relationship reduces the defense of a client, and thereby facilitates the client in getting higher congruency. The author argues for a new approach to the studies in this field, which takes a " cross-theory " standpoint on constructing a theoretical model.