Empathy in sports,exercise, and the performing arts |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany;2. Department of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, UK;1. University of French West Indies and Guyana, France;2. Southern France Montpellier University, France;3. University of Groningen, The Netherlands;4. Ohio University, USA;1. German Sport University, Performance Psychology, Am Sportpart Müngersdorf 6, Cologne, Germany;2. UFR STAPS, EA 4260, University of Caen, France;3. London South Bank University, UK;4. Brunel University London, UK;1. Gazi University School of Physicial Education and Sport, Ankara, Turkey;2. Corum Seydim Elementary School, Corum, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThis review article provides a summary of the main findings from empirical studies that used empathy measurements in the domains of sports, exercise, and the performing arts (i.e., music, dance, and theatrical acting).Method & resultsThe use of body movement is considered a common denominator across performance domains. Embodied accounts of cognition claim that the capacity to understand an individual's cognitive and affective states depend on the observer's sensorimotor experience and seek to identify the factors influencing this process. To describe the bidirectional links between empathy and performance domains, we divided the empirical studies into two categories: those that investigated factors influencing or inducing empathy, and those that investigated possible influences of empathic tendencies on neurocognitive functions and performance. Therefore, the review includes sections on (1) effects on empathy, including (a) gender, (b) learning and performance, and (c) prosocial contexts; and (2) the effects of empathy on (a) the brain and physiology, (b) perception–performance relations, and (c) prosocial behavior. This work has proven to be informative in unraveling the links between empathy and perceptual-motor processes across intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup levels of analysis.ConclusionsThe reported findings are examined in relation to embodied accounts of perceptual-motor performance. Issues related to interdisciplinary dialog, implications for research, and applied practice are also discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Empathy Perception Action Emotion Embodied cognition |
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