Cognitive representation of auditory space in blind football experts |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Neurocognition and Action Research Group, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Germany;2. CITEC – Center of Excellence in Cognitive Interaction Technology, University of Bielefeld, PB 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;3. Grupo de Estudos em Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem Motora, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Carlos Luz, 4664, CEP: 31310250 Belo Horizonte, Brazil;4. Ambient Intelligence Group, CITEC – Center of Excellence in Cognitive Interaction Technology, Bielefeld University, PB 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;1. School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona, c/Francesc Macià 65, 17190 Salt, Catalonia, Spain;2. Department of Physiological Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece;3. Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universitat de Girona, Plaça Sant Domènec 9, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain;1. Department of Health Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45 (PF10), 14195 Berlin, Germany;2. German Centre of Gerontology, Berlin, Germany;3. Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia;1. Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy;2. Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute & Ohalo Academic College of Education and Sport;3. Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, United States |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesWe compared the mental representation of sound directions in blind football players, blind non-athletes and sighted individuals.DesignStanding blindfolded in the middle of a circle with 16 loudspeakers, participants judged whether the directions of two subsequently presented sounds were similar or not.MethodStructure dimensional analysis (SDA) was applied to reveal mean cluster solutions for the groups.ResultsHierarchical cluster analysis via SDA resulted in distinct representation structures of sound directions. The blind football players' mean cluster solution consisted of pairs of neighboring directions. The blind non-athletes also clustered the directions in pairs, but included non-adjacent directions. In the sighted participants' structure, frontal directions were clustered pairwise, the absolute back was singled out, and the side regions accounted for more directions.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the mental representation of egocentric auditory space is influenced by sight and by the level of expertise in auditory-based orientation and navigation. |
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| Keywords: | Blind football Blind Auditory space Spatial cognition Mental representation |
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