Self-talk and softball performance: The role of self-talk nature,motor task characteristics,and self-efficacy in novice softball players |
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| Institution: | 1. Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan;2. Department of Physical Education, Chinese Cultural University, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Graduate Institute of Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan;4. Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA;1. Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 München, Germany;2. University of Konstanz, Sportwissenschaft Fach 30, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;3. University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;4. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Geb. 40.40, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;1. University of Stuttgart, Department for Sport and Exercise Science, Division I Exercise- and Health Sciences, Nobelstr. 15, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Bielefeld University, School of Public Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, PO Box 10 01 31, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany;3. University of Oldenburg, Institute of Sports Science, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany;1. University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA;2. Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil;1. Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, 101, Sec. 2, Zhongcheng Rd., Taipei 111, Taiwan;2. Department of Physical Education, University of Taipei, 1, Ai-Guo West Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan;3. Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Sec. 1, Heping East Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan;4. Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;1. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia;2. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo determine the effect of self-talk on softball throwing performance. Additionally, two moderators, nature of self-talk and type of motor task, as well as a potential mediator of self-efficacy were examined.DeignAn experimental, within-subjects, and counterbalanced design.MethodsForty-two senior high students (mean age = 17.48 ± 0.55) were instructed to use instructional, motivational, and unrelated self-talk with counterbalanced order prior to softball throwing for accuracy and distance tasks.ResultsBoth instructional and motivational self-talk conditions had better performance than unrelated self-talk on softball throwing accuracy, whereas motivational self-talk had better performance than both instructional and unrelated self-talk in softball throwing for distance. Results for self-efficacy were similar, with self-efficacy for accuracy performance higher in both instructional and motivational self-talk conditions than with unrelated self-talk, while self-efficacy was highest in the motivational self-talk condition and lowest with unrelated self-talk. Significant correlations between self-efficacy and motor performance were also found with both tasks.ConclusionThese findings partially support the task-matching hypothesis, confirm the moderator role of type of self-talk and task type, suggest that self-efficacy has a mediator role, and provide direction for self-talk effectiveness. |
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| Keywords: | Instructional self-talk Motivational self-talk Psychological skill Softball throwing |
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