Development and preliminary validation of the mindfulness inventory for sport |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Western Australia, Australia;2. Western Australian Institute of Sport, Australia;3. INSEP, French Institute of Sport, France;4. University of Caen, France;1. Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 München, Germany;2. University of Konstanz, Sportwissenschaft Fach 30, 78457 Konstanz, Germany;3. University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;4. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, Geb. 40.40, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;1. Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia;2. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;1. Neurocognition and Action – Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;2. Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics (CoR-Lab), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;3. Cognitive Interaction Technology – Center of Excellence (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 21–23, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesDespite the increasing prevalence of mindfulness-based interventions in sport, no context-specific instrument currently exists to measure mindfulness in sport. The Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) was devised using a three-stage approach, to measure one's ability to: (1) be aware of disruptive stimuli and their associated internal reactions; (2) adopt a non-judgmental attitude towards these stimuli and reactions; and (3) quickly refocus attention on goal-related cues.MethodIn stage 1, a pool of items was developed and assessed by six experts in the areas of mindfulness and instrument validation. In stage 2, exploratory factor analyses with data collected from undergraduate student-athletes (N = 370) resulted in a three-factor, 19-item version of the instrument. In stage 3, confirmatory analyses using structural equation modelling were conducted with a sample of elite athletes (N = 343).Results and conclusionA final 15-item three-factor version displayed an acceptable model fit, with little evidence of invariance demonstrated across sport type and partial invariance across gender. In addition, the subscales of the MIS displayed significant correlations with conceptually-related variables such as flow, worry, concentration disruption, and perfectionism. |
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| Keywords: | Mindfulness Attention Self-regulation Sport performance |
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