Neurocognitive Impairment in Early Adolescence Following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure of Varying Duration |
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Authors: | Marit Korkman Satu Kettunen Ilona Autti-Rämö |
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Affiliation: | 1. Community Health and Knowledge Transfer The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ont. Canada;2. Department of Psychology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ont. Canada;3. Department of Public Health Science The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ont. Canada;4. Department of Psychology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ont. Canada;5. Research Institute, and University of Toronto Ont. Canada;6. Department of Surgery The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ont. Canada |
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Abstract: | The aims of the study were, first, to perform a comprehensive assessment of neurocognitive status in early adolescence of children exposed to alcohol prenatally; and, second, to examine whether duration of exposure continues to be predictive of outcome at this age. Twenty-seven exposed 12-14-year-olds and 39 nonexposed 13-14-year-olds underwent neuropsychological assessments (WISC-III, NEPSY subtests) of attention and executive functions, language, visuomotor functions, and memory. The group of non-exposed children was used to develop preliminary test norms for the 13-14-year-old exposed children whereas published test norms could be used for the 12-year-olds. The results demonstrated neurocognitive impairment across all types of tasks. Impairment varied in degree according to the duration of alcohol exposure. Children exposed throughout pregnancy, most of who had diagnoses of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE), performed well below the average range. It was concluded that the neurocognitive effects of alcohol exposure tend to be widespread and generalized. Attention and executive functions do not seem to be selectively affected. Further, the relationship between duration of prenatal alcohol exposure and neurocognitive development continues to be significant in early adolescence. |
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