The Protective Value of Hardiness on Military Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms |
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| Authors: | Sandra M. Escolas Barbara L. Pitts Martin A. Safer Paul T. Bartone |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Clinical Division, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texassandie.escolas@us.army.mil;3. Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America;4. Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University |
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| Abstract: | This study examined the protective effects of hardiness (dispositional resilience) on self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of postdeployed service members. Hardiness was negatively related to PTSD symptoms. Time in the military, number of deployments, and total time spent on deployment were all positively related to PTSD symptoms. Hardiness moderated the effects of time in the military on PTSD symptoms, such that time in the military had no effect on those who were high in hardiness. Hardiness did not moderate the effects of either deployment measure. Suggestions to modify current military resilience training programs to most effectively enhance the benefits of hardiness are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | posttraumatic stress disorder dispositional resilience hardiness military |
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