Achievement behavior: A situational interpretation |
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Authors: | Jerald M. Jellison Renée Jackson-White Richard A. Bruder Wendy Martyna |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 90007 University Park, Los Angeles, California;(2) Stanford University, USA |
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Abstract: | A situational interpretation of achievement behavior is proposed. This interpretation assumes that the reward contingencies of the immediate situation determine whether performance will be high or low. The results of four experiments supported the prediction that women and men will improve their performance if high achievement is associated with external rewards and will only decrease their performance when low achievement is associated with external rewards. In four additional experiments it was shown that both women and men will describe themselves as high in intellectual ability or as low in ability as a direct function of external rewards contingencies. The differences between situational and personality interpretations of achievement behavior are discussed, as well as the viability of the concept of fear of success and internalized sex roles as explanatory constructs. |
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