参照性交流中的“听者设计”

“听者设计”一直是参照性交流研究领域中的热点。参照性交流过程中交流者通常会根据对交流同伴共享信息的评估来调整自己的行为,但是这些调整什么时候以及怎样发生的机制问题仍然存在争论。重点评述了“听者设计”的已有研究角度和研究进展,并归纳总结了参照惯例视角、记忆和注意视角、交流情境视角的研究观点。未来研究应扩展已有研究设计,以深入探查“听者设计”的形成、获得、发展变化过程,以及其与参照性交流其他限制因素间的相互作用;需要结合行为证据和眼动、脑成像证据等以帮助揭示“听者设计”过程的行为特点与认知机制。

“Audience Design” of Referential Communication

"Audience design" has been a hot spot in the research of referential communication. The communicators usually adjust their behavior based on the assessment of shared information in the process of referential communication. But when and how to adjust behavior are still in dispute. This thesis reviewed the existing research perspectives and research progress of "audience design", and summarized the perspectives of referential convention, memory and attention, communication situation. Future studies should extend the existing research design to explore the formation, acquisition, development of "audience design" and the interaction between "audience design" and other limited factors by the control of information of communicators. It requires a combination of behavioral evidences and eye movement evidences, brain imaging evidences to help reveal the behavioral characteristics and cognitive mechanisms of "audience design".