Imitation and novelty in product development |
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Affiliation: | 1. Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università Ca'' Foscari Venezia, Italy;2. LAMA Laboratorio di Analisi dei Materiali Antichi, Università IUAV di Venezia, Italy |
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Abstract: | A human stigmergy model of product development through a series of incremental novelties and imitations is obtained by observing the isomorphism between solution trees generated by groups of humans participating in online games like Foldit, self-organizing topics in online learning systems, product evolution through a combination of innovation and imitation in the cell phone industry, and social networks formed over the past 40 years in creation of the Boston biotech commons. The model incorporates two very simple rules: (1) preferential attachment, and (2) the combination of existing product designs into a single design. A computer model used to simulate the model produces product evolution networks isomorphic to observed solution trees and product evolution trees. Additionally, industries with a high degree of novelty produce a product evolution network with scale-free and betweenness centrality structure. |
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Keywords: | Preferential attachment Product imitation Product development tree Borg model Levinthal’s paradox Gamification |
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